An Owner’s Guide to Notices of Completion, Cessation and Non-Responsibility

We talk a lot about contractors on the California Construction Law Blog.

So, owners, this one’s for you.

Why are Notices of Completion, Cessation and Non-Responsibility Important to Owners?

California recognizes three types of statutory notices on construction projects available to owners:

• Notices of completion;
• Notices of cessation; and
• Notices of non-responsibility.

Notices of completion and notices of cessation reduce the time for contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers and equipment lessors to record a mechanics lien, serve a stop payment notice and make a payment bond claim.

Notices of non-responsibility are used by property owners, as opposed to project owners, to prevent contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers and equipment lessors from recording a mechanics lien effecting the property owner’s (but not the project owner’s) interests in the underlying real property and are typically used when a construction project consists of tenant improvements (e.g., build out of leased store space in a retail building).

What is a Notice of Completion and Notice of Cessation and How Do They Work?

A notice of completion and notice of cessation are legal documents which, when recorded and served, shorten the time for contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers and equipment lessors to record a mechanics lien, serve a stop payment notice and make a payment bond claim:

On What Types of Projects May a Notice of Completion and Notice of Cessation be Recorded?

A notice of completion and notice of cessation may be recorded on both public and private works of improvement.

When Can You Record a Notice of Completion?

A notice of completion may be recorded by a project owner on or before 15 days after completion of a work of improvement.

For private works of improvement, “completion” is deemed to occur upon any of the following events:

1. Actual completion of the work of improvement;
2. Occupation or use by the owner accompanied by cessation of labor;
3. Cessation of labor for a continuous period of 60 days; or
4. If a work of improvement is subject to acceptance by a public entity, on acceptance by the public entity.

For public works of improvement, “completion” is deemed to occur upon any of the following events:

1. Acceptance of the work of improvement by the public entity; or
2. Cessation of labor for a continuous period of 60 days.

What Information Must be Contained in a Notice of Completion?

A notice of completion must:

1. Be signed and verified by the project owner;
2. Include the name and address of the property owner, direct contractor, and, if applicable, construction lender;
3. Include a description of the site sufficient for identification including street address, if any;
4. Identify the date of completion; and
5. Include a proof of notice declaration indicating how the notice of completion was served.

Note: If there is more than one direct contract, a notice of completion may be recorded following completion of each contract provided that the notice, in addition to providing the name and address of the direct contractor, also include a general statement of the work performed under the completed contract. Moreover, if a notice of completion is signed by a project owner’s successor in interest, the notice must also include the name and address of the transferor.

When, to Whom and How do You Serve a Notice of Completion?

A notice of completion must be served by a project owner within 10 days of the date the notice of completion is filed for recording and must be served on the following:

1. The direct contractor(s); and
2. Anyone who has served the project owner with a preliminary notice.

Note: Residential property owners do not need to serve a notice of completion so long as the property being improved is a dwelling unit of four or fewer residential units.

A notice of completion must be served by one of the following means:

1. Personal delivery;
2. Registered, certified or express mail;
3. Overnight delivery; or
4. Service by a process server.

When Can You Record a Notice of Cessation?

A notice of cessation may be recorded if there has been a cessation of labor for a continuous period of 30 days.

What Information Must be Contained in a Notice of Cessation?

A notice of cessation must:

1. Be signed and verified by the project owner;
2. Include the name and address of the property owner, direct contractor, and, if applicable, construction lender;
3. Include a description of the site sufficient for identification including street address, if any;
4. Identify the date on or about which labor ceased;
5. Include a statement that labor ceased from the date indicated through the date of recordation of the notice; and
6. Include a proof of notice declaration indicating how the notice of completion was served.

When, to Whom and How do You Serve a Notice of Cessation?

A notice of cessation must be served by a project owner within 10 days of the date the notice of cessation is filed for recording and must be served on the following:

1. The direct contractor(s); and
2. Anyone who has served the project owner with a preliminary notice.

Note: Residential property owners do not need to serve a notice of cessation so long as the property being improved is a dwelling unit of four or fewer residential units.

A notice of cessation must be served by one of the following means:

1. Personal delivery;
2. Registered, certified or express mail;
3. Overnight delivery; or
4. Service by a process server.

What is a Notice of Nonresponsibility and How Does it Work?

A notice of nonresponsibility (or non-responsibility) is a legal document which, when recorded and posted, protects a property owner’s interests in its real property from mechanics liens. So, for example, if a retail tenant improves its leased retail space in a mall, the mall owner may record and post a notice of nonresponsibility to protect its interests in the mall from mechanics liens.

Note: While a notice of nonresponsibility protects a property owner’s interest in real property, a mechanics lien claimant may still record a mechanics lien affecting the project owner’s interest in the real property (e.g., a commercial tenant’s leasehold interest).

On What Types of Projects May a Notice of Nonresponsibility be Recorded?

Private works projects only.

When Must You Record and Post a Notice of Nonresponsibility

A notice of nonresponsibility must be recorded and posted within 10 days after the property owner has knowledge of the work of improvement.

Note: The “knowledge” requirement is important not only for timing, but the validity of a notice of nonresponsibility, as well. Civil Code section 8444 provides that only a property owner “that did not contract for the work of improvement may give notice of nonresponsibility,” and courts have broadly construed this requirement by creating the “participating owner” doctrine, whereby any owner who participated in the work of improvement whether directly or indirectly cannot rely on a notice of nonresponsibility to protect itself from mechanics liens. Thus, for example, if a property owner’s lease requires or provides for the construction of improvements by a tenant, as many retail leases do, the participating owner doctrine would preclude a from using a notice of nonresponsibility to shield itself from mechanics liens.

What Information Must be Contained in a Notice of Nonresponsibility?

A notice of nonresponsibility must:

1. Be signed and verified by the project owner;
2. Include a description of the site sufficient for identification including street address, if any;
3. Identify the nature of the property owner’s title or interest in the site;
4. Identify the name of the tenant, or if the property is being purchased, the name of the purchaser; and
5. Include a statement that the property owner is not responsible for claims arising from the work of improvement.

Where Do You Post a Notice of Nonresponsibility?

A notice of nonresponsibility must be posted in a conspicuous location at the site.

Note: It is good practice to take a photo of where the notice of nonresponsibility was posted. Likewise, as a property owner, it is important to include in your lease a provision permitting the property owner to enter onto the tenant’s property to post a notice of non-responsibility.

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22 Responses to “An Owner’s Guide to Notices of Completion, Cessation and Non-Responsibility”

1. Vera DuVall August 25, 2024 Hello, I currently have a contractor replacing my roof. A lender is involved to release funds upon completion. The contractor file a Certificate of Completion day 3 after contract signing (demolition was not completed let alone a new roof). Lender then released the funds in full thus activating repayment to lender. Is this considered fraud. Also the contractor subcontracted demolition without my knowledge or written into contract Reply
   • Garret MuraiAugust 26, 2024 Hi Vera. Unusual situation here. I’m not sure why the contractor would record a notice of completion 3 days after signing a contract with you and before the work was completed. First, a notice of completion may be recorded by a project owner not a contractor. Second, this appears to be a residential project, and notices of completion do not need to be recorded on residential project where the property being improved is a dwelling unit of four or fewer residential units. Finally, by recording a notice of completion, the contractor has ostensibly (I say “ostensibly” because, again, only project owners are permitted to record a notice of completion) just shortened both its own deadline and those of its subcontractors to record a mechanics lien. Finally, as to the contractor subcontracting demolition without your knowledge, it depends on what your contract says. If the contract says that the contractor cannot subcontract out work then the contractor has breached the contract. If the contract does not so state, or is silent on the issue, the contractor is permitted to subcontract out demolition. Reply
2. How to Submit A Notice Of Completion (& Why)May 15, 2024 […] example, California requires that you submit the NOC no more than 10 days after completion, while Arizona has a deadline of 20 days after completion. Be sure to check your state’s […] Reply
3. RW October 14, 2022 I am building a house of which I expect it to take 8-10 months to complete. Can I send specific notices of completion for each major contractor or do I need to wait until I receive a final inspection? As an example, can I record a notice of completion specific to the framer when the framing is 100% compilated though the home may not be completed in it’s entirety for several months after? Reply
   • Garret MuraiOctober 14, 2022 If you have a single contract for the entire construction project you would be limited to recording a notice of completion upon completion of all work specified in the contract. If you have multiple contracts for different trades, also called multi-prime contracting, you could record a notice of completion upon completion of the work specified in each contract. Reply
4. jon1962March 16, 2021 Hello, How long do owners have to retain the notice of completion? Reply
   • Garret MuraiMarch 16, 2021 Hi Jon. The deadline for a direct contractor to record a mechanics lien when a notice of completion is recorded is 60 days. However, to be safe, I would hold for at least a year, and if you want to be really safe, I would hold for ten years which is the statute of repose deadline for latent defect claims. Reply
     • Kim December 18, 2022 Hi Garret, would you please clarify what you mean when you say “hold for 1 year” or “hold for ten years” regarding retaining the notice of completion. Does this mean homeowners should not record the notice of completion or cessation until 1 year or 10 years later? Thank you.
     • Garret MuraiDecember 19, 2022 Hi John. When I said “hold for 1 year” or “hold for ten years” I was referring to the period of time that you should retain a notice of completion in your files and not discard it. I wasn’t referring to how long to hold off recording a notice of completion.
5. Garret MuraiMarch 25, 2020 Hi Deb. Sorry for the delay getting back to you. It would be best to keep a notice of non-responsibility posted at all times while work is in progress. Reply
6. Alex Ubaldo February 28, 2019 Is there a dollar threshold that triggers the filing of a Notice of Completion? Are you required to file one for a $15K project? Reply
   • Garret MuraiFebruary 28, 2019 Hi Alex. There is no dollar requirement. Likewise, unless required by contract, there is no requirement that a notice of completion be recorded at all. Reply
7. Katy February 13, 2018 Can you please tell me after filing a notice of completion, do we have to serve all the contractor, and sub contractors? and what would happen if we do serve them?If this legally required?
   What if we did not serve them?
   In what situation we need to serve them and what not? because I found a different article saying you don’t need to serve them unless you have been served? Thank you Reply
   • Garret MuraiMarch 6, 2018 You need to serve the direct contractor and any persons from whom you received a preliminary notice. If you fail to do so you run the risk that a claimant can argue that the longer periods of time applicable to recording a mechanics lien, serving a stop payment notice, or making a payment bond claim, apply. Reply
8. EJ March 16, 2017 thanks Garret – what informs your statement that the owner is required to provide notice to lien claimants that a notice of completion has been recorded within 10 days of such recording? i don’t see this in the statutes Reply
   • Garret MuraiMarch 20, 2017 Hi EJ. See California Civil Code section 8190(a) which provides that “[a]n owner that records a notice of completion or cessation shall, within 10 days of the date the notice of completion or cessation is filed for record, give a copy of the notice to all of the following persons: (1) a direct contractor; (2) a claimant that has given the owner preliminary notice.” Reply
     • Cary Gonzalez February 12, 2018 Hi Garret,
       Is this legally required to serve and provide copy of Notice of completion to contractor and claimant with preliminary notice?
       We are in the millworking industry and has always filed for preliminary notice. But never had we been served with notice of completion from any project owners either with public or pivate works. We had a disputed payment back 3 years ago and unsettled. Can we still file for lien since we have not been served?
     • Garret MuraiMarch 6, 2018 You would be too late to record a mechanics lien (even if a notice of completion wasn’t recorded) but you might be able to sue for breach of written contract.
     • John P. Vrsalovich May 20, 2020 This only applies to private works if improvement, correct?
     • Garret MuraiMay 25, 2020 Hi John. It applies to both public and private projects.
     • Kim December 18, 2022 The general contractor I hired quit and stop work, they sent me a Notice of Cessation 2 weeks after they quit, should I sign and record this with the County? I want them accountable for their poor workmanships and breaching our contract. I want to file claim against their bond and general liability insurance. What happens if I don’t sign the Notice of Cessation ? Thank you.
     • Garret MuraiDecember 19, 2022 As the owner, it is up to you whether you wish to record a notice of cessation. Frankly, I’m not sure why the general contractor is even sending you a notice of cessation as it just reduces the time they have to record a mechanics lien from 90 days to 60 days.